Ann Neurol 1994
In the 1 mg trial arm, liver fat fell 51% among participants with fatty liver, visceral fat fell 16%, and triglycerides declined. Ketones are a separate matter: the same substudy found -hydroxybutyrate rose only at 4 mg and above, so the 1 mg arm does not carry a ketone signal in that population. Modeled metabolic-health protocols place heavier, metabolically average profiles near 1 mg weekly
Indication: Specifically for vitamin B12 deficiency due to supplemental insufficiency, certain anemias, gastrointestinal malabsorption, and neurological conditions associated with low B12 levels
For the standalone GHK-Cu protocol, see the GHK-Cu injection dosage guide
They can order a simple blood test to check your B12 levels
More specifically, researchers have observed that senescent cells resisted apoptosis due to elevated FOXO4 levels, which seem to regulate this process by interacting with p53